动物造模,药效评价 z-bio 2024-09-23 387

　　The model of heart failure caused by blood volume overload can be divided into acute and chronic types. The acute blood volume overload model is commonly used in animals with already heart failure, usually by rapidly inputting colloidal solution to aggravate heart failure and evaluate the myocardial reserve status of the animal. The chronic blood volume overload heart failure model is mainly obtained through methods such as arteriovenous fistula and mitral valve insufficiency. The model is similar to clinical high cardiac output heart failure.

　　1. Dog blood volume overload model: Adult dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (25mg/kg), intubated with a ventilator, under sterile conditions, with midline laparotomy. At the level of the renal artery branch, the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava were freed by about 4cm each, and blood vessels were clamped at both ends of the artery and vein to block blood flow. Each vessel was incised 1-1.5cm and anastomosed with a 5-line at the edge of the incision. After anastomosis, release the vascular clamp and check for no bleeding before closing the abdominal cavity. This method requires high laboratory technical equipment and is subject to many limitations in application.

　　2. Rat blood volume overload model: After anesthesia in adult rats, the abdominal cavity is incised, and an 18G needle is used to create a fistula at the parallel position of the abdominal aorta and vena cava. The arterial wall inlet is sutured with a No. 5 suture (or blocked with tissue adhesive). When the fistula is successfully created, red arterial blood can be seen entering the vein. This model is easy to operate and has almost no deaths, making it one of the widely used models.

　　Similar models include goat and rabbit carotid artery external vein fistula models, which readers can establish based on laboratory conditions.

　　3. Model of mitral regurgitation in adult dogs: After general anesthesia, tracheal intubation with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia was performed. A 10F catheter sheath was inserted through the femoral artery and guided into the left ventricle under X-ray fluoroscopy and ultrasound monitoring. A conventional catheter with a stainless steel hook was placed at the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve through the catheter sheath, and the catheter sheath was moved forward to the hook to prevent damage to the aortic valve when the catheter was retracted. After retracting the catheter and cutting off the chordae tendineae, transesophageal two-dimensional ultrasound can be used to evaluate the degree of mitral regurgitation and induce moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. This process generally needs to be repeated 1-4 times.