动物造模,药效评价 z-bio 2024-09-23 508

　　1、 Central excitation model

　　（1） Excitatory model induced by pentylenetetrazole or nicotine

　　1. Modeling material animal: mouse; Medications: Pentazine or Nicotine.

　　2. The modeling method involves intravenous injection of 60mg/kg pentylenetetrazine or 200mg/kg nicotine into animals.

　　3. The principle of modeling is that pentylenetetrazine or nicotine causes central excitation in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: After injection, animals exhibit excitement and convulsions.

　　（2） Model of excitement induced by methamphetamine

　　1. Modeling material animal: mouse; Drug: Methamphetamine.

　　2. Modeling method: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2mg/kg of methamphetamine.

　　3. Modeling principle: Ephedrine causes central excitement in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Injection can increase animal activity, and if activity increases by more than 30%, it is considered significantly excited.

　　（3） Amphetamine induced excitation model

　　1. Modeling material animals: male mice; Drug: Amphetamine phosphate.

　　2. Modeling method: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 6mg/kg of phenylpropanolamine phosphate.

　　3. Modeling principle: Amphetamine causes central excitement in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Increased animal activity can be observed after injection.

　　5. Precautions: The toxic dose of amphetamines on individual mice is much higher than that on group mice, and the death of group mice is often caused by biting each other after animal excitation.

　　（4） Cocaine induced excitation model

　　1. Modeling material animal: mouse; Drug: Cocaine hydrochloride.

　　2. Modeling method: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 55mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride.

　　3. The principle of modeling is that cocaine causes central excitement in animals.

　　4. Changes after molding can cause animals to move in a circular motion after injection.

　　（5） Morphine induced excitation model

　　1. Modeling material animal: mouse; Drug: Morphine.

　　2. Modeling method: Intramuscular injection of 20mg/kg morphine into mice.

　　3. Modeling principle: Morphine causes central excitation in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Injection can cause excitement in the muscles of the animal's coccyx and back, leading to a vertical tail reaction. Simultaneously accompanied by excitement, nervousness, perineal protrusion, and defecation, the vertical tail angle can be used to determine the degree of vertical tail: level 1, with a vertical tail angle of 45 °; Level 1.5, with a vertical tail angle of 45-89 °; Level 2, with a vertical tail angle of 90 °; Level 2.5, with a vertical tail angle of 90-179 °; Level 3, with a vertical tail angle of 180 °.

　　（6） Apomorphine induced excitation model

　　1. Modeling material animal: dog; Drug: Apomorphine hydrochloride.

　　2. The modeling method involves subcutaneous injection of 0.3mg/kg apomorphine hydrochloride into dogs.

　　3. Modeling principle: Apomorphine causes central excitement in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Injection can cause excitement in the chemosensory area of the animal's delayed brain, leading to vomiting.

　　2、 Central inhibition model

　　1. Modeling materials: animals such as rats, mice, cats, pigeons, monkeys, etc; Medication: Sedatives and hypnotics.

　　2. The modeling method involves administering sedative and hypnotic drugs to animals.

　　3. The principle of modeling is that sedative hypnotic drugs cause central inhibition in animals.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Animals show reduced activity, quietness, drowsiness, or sleep after administration. Administering small doses is for sedation, while administering large doses is for hypnosis.