动物造模,药效评价,实验性癫癎 z-bio 2024-08-21 304

　　(1) Method of replication: Healthy rats weighing 200-300g, both females and cats can be used. Anesthetize by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (dose 350-400 mg/kg body weight) or pentobarbital sodium (dose 50-60 mg/kg body weight). Fix the animal on the stereotaxic device, cut off the hair on the top of the head, disinfect the skin in the surgical area, and make a straight incision in the middle of the skull under sterile conditions, with a length of about 2cm. Taking a rat as an example, it is located 2mm on the right side and 3mm behind the anterior fontanelle. About 8mm of the skull is removed, and the dura mater is cut open. About 30mg of disinfectant cobalt powder is placed on the front side of the cortical motor area, with an area of about 10mm2, and recording electrodes are placed and fixed with dental tray powder. Postoperative intramuscular injection of kanamycin (125mg/d per animal) or gentamicin (20000 U/d per animal) for 3 consecutive days to prevent infection.

　　(2) The model features that after 2-3 weeks of cobalt powder placement, spasms can be observed in the contralateral limbs, and a few animals may also experience generalized spasms thereafter. The intensity of these spasms gradually decreases or disappears after 4-6 weeks. Cortical radio waves often exhibit abnormalities before clinical symptoms appear, and when they occur throughout the body, they present as high spike waves or a combination of high spike and slow spike waves. If only local muscle spasms are present, cortical radio waves exhibit paroxysmal high and slow waves. Placing cobalt in the limbic system of the brain can also cause seizures, similar to psychomotor seizures, in which animals exhibit symptoms such as reduced activity, susceptibility to fright, urgent breathing, and constant grasping.

　　(3) The mechanism of epileptic seizures caused by cobalt in comparative medicine is similar to that of aluminum, but the duration of the disease is significantly shorter than that of aluminum hydroxide. Rats and cats are sensitive animals, while monkeys are not sensitive to cobalt. Placing cobalt in the cat's cortical motor area can cause spontaneous attacks about 30 hours later. The seizure is characterized by spasms and mainly occurs in the contralateral forelimbs and facial muscle groups where cobalt is placed. This type of localized seizure can last for 25-30 seconds each time, and only a few animals develop generalized spasms.