动物造模,药效评价,脑血肿 z-bio 2024-08-21 400

　　The evolution of cerebral hematoma is a very complex process, and it is often difficult to conduct systematic research on this process from a clinical perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an animal model of cerebral hematoma, accurately control the time, size, and location of hematoma formation, and conduct systematic examination to further study the evolution and manifestations of hematoma in detail, and provide clinical treatment. The commonly used method currently is self injection into the brain, with dogs being the most commonly used animal.

　　(1) Reproduction method: Experimental dogs weighing 15-20kg were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium injected intravenously at a dose of 30mg/kg body weight. Hair on the top of the head was cut off, and the skin in the surgical area was disinfected. Cut the scalp and top muscle tissue longitudinally at a distance of 1.0cm from the midline on the left or right top, and fully expose the parietal bone. Select the intersection point of 1.0cm from the midline and the line connecting the anterior edges of the two ears as the drilling point, and use a 0.5cm diameter hand drill to drill perpendicular to the parietal bone until reaching the dura mater. Puncture the femoral artery with a 10ml syringe, extract 5.0ml of arterial blood, and then vertically and slightly inward puncture the brain along the drilled cranial foramen, with a depth of 1.5-2.5cm. Slowly and evenly inject, with the injection volume varying depending on the animal's body weight, ranging from 3.0-4.5ml. Establish a hematoma model for each dog. Seal the cranial foramen with hemostatic sponge or bone wax and suture layer by layer. Observe the postoperative situation.

　　(2) The key to the success of this model lies in two aspects: firstly, selecting appropriate drilling points and injection depth and blood volume; secondly, the injection speed. The drilling point selected by Takasugi et al. was at the intersection of 4.0cm behind the upper edge and 3.0cm beside the midline of the brain, with a penetration direction at a 45 ° angle to the brain surface, a depth of 1.8cm, and an injection volume of 3.5ml. The success rate of this model is closely related to the blood injection speed. When injecting blood, the operator should hold the syringe steadily and the injection speed should be slow and uniform. If the injection speed is too fast, a large amount of blood will flow back along the pinhole or enter the ventricular system due to high pressure. If it is too slow, it is easy to cause blood coagulation.

　　(3) The animal model of cerebral hematoma established by this method in comparative medicine can accurately control the time of hematoma formation, as well as the location and size of the hematoma. The blood sample of the model animal can be taken out for biochemical testing and pathological observation in vitro. Due to the difficulty in accurately expressing the onset time of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with varying degrees of consciousness disorders in clinical practice, this model is of great significance and role in further studying and confirming the changes in cerebral hematoma and the principles of MRI imaging. However, this model is affected by operational factors, and sometimes the size of the hematoma generated may not be directly proportional to the amount of injected blood; The cerebral hematoma generated by model animals is smaller in volume compared to human cerebral hematoma in clinical practice, so the intracranial hematoma of model animals can easily affect the typicality of MRI signal changes. However, establishing a good animal model of cerebral hematoma is still an ideal experimental method for studying the evolution of cerebral hematoma and the principles of MRI imaging.