动物造模,肝炎病毒模型 z-bio 2023-11-27 964

　　Groundhog, also known as marmot. The average weight of a groundhog is 4.5kg, and it can grow up to 6.5kg at most, with a body length of approximately 56cm. The marmot is mainly distributed in the grasslands of North America to Canada and other regions, and belongs to the family Muridae in the order Rodentia, along with squirrels, beavers, and chipmunks.

　　Animal hepatitis B virus includes marmot hepatitis virus (WHV, which only infects Oriental marmots in the northeastern United States), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) and Arctic squirrel hepatitis virus (ASHV). Sequence analysis shows that there is little difference in nucleotide and amino acid sequences between WHV and GSHV viruses, and their variability is not greater than that between different subtypes of HBV in humans. Due to the greater similarity in genome composition between WHV and HBV compared to avian hepatitis virus, it is possible to study the entire life cycle of the virus in natural hosts. Therefore, the groundhog model is currently the most widely used model in HBV research.

　　The groundhog hepatitis virus is a virus that spontaneously infects the eastern groundhog (Figure 10-3). The virus was first discovered in 1977 in Peros Park, Philadelphia, and can cause chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in groundhogs. At present, several strains of WHV virus have been isolated, with similar genotypes. However, infection with newborn marmots can cause varying degrees of chronic hepatitis. The marmot hepatitis model is one of the most widely used models in the study of HBV infection and antiviral therapy.

　　In 1980, Cornell University cultivated a groundhog population into a laboratory model. Early advances in model research include: ① production and validation of reagents and methods for WHV detection, identification of disease markers; ② Newborn marmots were inoculated with WHV to determine that the infection would lead to a higher incidence rate of chronic hepatitis; ③ Virology and natural occurrence of liver cancer were studied on adult and juvenile groundhogs experimentally infected. After 1988, the newborn groundhog WHV model began to be applied for nucleic acid analogue detection against viral infections.