动物造模,双肾双夹肾血管性高血压 z-bio 2023-11-10 1135

　　1. Animal modeling materials: Male SD rats, weighing 80-120g; Drug: pentobarbital; Instrument: Made of a "Q" circular silver clip with a diameter of 0.5mm silver wire and an inner diameter of 0.3mm.

　　2. Method of modeling: 3% pentobarbital, 36-42mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, 10-15 minutes after animal anesthesia, a longitudinal incision is made in the middle of the abdomen, followed by the incision of the skin and white tendon in the middle. The peritoneum is cut open with curved scissors to expose the kidneys. Generally, the left renal artery is first made, which is generally located at the back and top of the renal vein. A moist, cotton free branch is used to open the tightly attached renal vein, and the arteries and veins are bluntly separated with toothless forceps. The right renal artery is flat on the renal hilum The inferior vena cava and the ligaments of the liver and kidney are separated layer by layer downwards, which is generally easier to separate than the left renal artery. The starting part of the renal artery should be clamped with a circular silver clamp. It is necessary to confirm that the renal artery clamp is placed in the circular structure of the silver clamp, and the clamp can slide along the artery. It is also necessary to confirm that there is no obvious blood stasis, necrosis, or pallor in both kidneys. Continuous suture should be used for the peritoneum and muscles, and intermittent suture should be used for the skin.

　　3. Modeling principle: Due to the use of silver clips to narrow bilateral renal arteries, resulting in bilateral renal ischemia, the increase in blood pressure is mainly due to the continuous ischemia of both kidneys activating the renin angiotensin system. The increase in angiotensin levels not only directly constricts blood vessels, but also increases the release of sympathetic neurotransmitters and active substances such as aldosterone and endothelin, ultimately leading to the formation of hypertension.

　　4. Changes after modeling: Blood pressure was (17.8 ± 2.0) kPa after 1 week, (21.5 ± 2.5) kPa at 3 weeks, (27.6 ± 3.2) kPa at 10 weeks, and hypertensive rats with postoperative blood pressure greater than 20 kPa had a 100% incidence of hypertension within 1 month.

　　Observation of stroke symptoms: There were no stroke symptoms at the first and third weeks after surgery. Two cases showed stroke symptoms at the ninth week, including limb paralysis, delayed movement, rotation, and head and neck torsion. Pathological examination confirmed hemorrhage in the basal ganglia area of the brain, with a large number of red blood cells visible in the central area of the hemorrhage.

　　5. Precautions: The depth of anesthesia is also important for model production. If the anesthesia is too deep, postoperative recovery may be slow, and even death may occur; If it is too shallow, it is prone to bleeding, abdominal organ damage, and delaying surgery time. Although anesthetics have a certain appropriate dosage range, the effects of anesthesia vary depending on the physical constitution and storage time of different batches of rats. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the appropriate dosage of anesthetics before each large-scale experiment.

　　When learning how to create a model, postoperative bleeding is the most common cause of death in rats. Due to the close proximity of renal arteries and veins, when bluntly separating the fascia between the arteries and veins, it is necessary to unplug the veins to avoid damaging them, reduce and avoid postoperative bleeding, which is the key to the successful production of the model. Skilled operation of the double kidney clamp can be completed within 5 minutes. In addition, skilled operation can avoid long-term renal ischemia or stasis caused by repeated pulling of renal blood vessels, which can lead to infection if the operation time is too long. These factors are all related to postoperative death.

　　Strict and meticulous postoperative management is also an important aspect of the success of the model. Maintain air circulation and comfort in the breeding house